Acyclovir【B】

Anti-infective Agents : Antiviral Agents
IVIRL1 “Virless Lyophilized IV Infusion” 250 mg/vial
IZOVI1 “Zovirax IV infusion” 250 mg/vial

ODEHE1 “Deherp tablet” 200 mg/tab

OVIRL1Virless tablet” 200 mg/tab

適應症:

IVIRL1, IZOVI1:帶狀庖疹病毒及單純庖疹病毒引起之感染、預防骨髓移植及白血病所引起之免疫不全病人之單純庖疹感染、新生兒單純庖疹感染。

ODEHE1:單純疱疹病毒引起之皮膚及粘膜感染,復發性單純庖疹感染之抑制,帶狀庖疹病毒引起之感染,預防骨髓及白血病所引起之免疫系統不全病人之單純疱疹。

OVIRL1:帶狀疱疹病毒引起之感染、單純疱疹病毒引起之皮膚及黏膜感染、預防骨髓移植及白血病所引起之免疫不全病人之單純疱疹感染、復發性單純疱疹感染之抑制。

Usual dose:

Eczema herpeticum: PO

Adult: 200 mg 5 times daily for 5 days.

Pediatric: 25-30 mg/kg/day in 5 divided doses.

Genital herpes simplex: PO:

Initial episode: 400 mg tid for 7 to 10 days or 200 mg 5 times daily for 7-10 days; may extend duration of therapy if healing is not complete after 10 days.

Episodic therapy: 400 mg tid for 5 days or 800 mg bid for 5 days OR 800 mg tid for 2 days OR 200 mg q4h, 5 times daily for 5 days; initiate at earliest sign or symptom of recurrence.

Suppressive therapy: 400 mg bid for up to 12 monthsHerpes zoster: PO, 800 mg q4h 5 times/day for 7-10 days.

Herpes zoster: PO, 800 mg q4h 5 times/day for 7-10 days.

Genital herpes simplex (Severe): IV, Initial clinical episodes:

Adult: 5 mg/kg q8h for 5 days.

Pediatric (< 3 mon): 10 mg/kg IV q8h for 10 days.

Herpes encephalitis: IV

Adult: 10 mg/kg q8h for 10 days.

Pediatric (3 mon-12 yrs): 20 mg/kg q8h for 10 days.

Herpes simplex, mucosal – p’t immunocompromised: IV

Adult: 5 mg/kg q8h for 7 days.

Pediatric (< 12 yrs): 10 mg/kg q8h for 7 days.

Herpes simplex infection of skin – p’t immunocompromised: IV

Adult: 5 mg/kg q8h for 7 days.

Pediatric (< 12 yrs): 10 mg/kg q8h for 7 days.

Dose adjustment:

Renal failure:

IF: CrCl 25-50 ml/min, usual dose q12h, CrCl 10-25 ml/min, usual dose q24h; CrCl < 10 ml/min, 50% of usual dose q24h.

PO: dose 200 mg q4h and CrCl≦10 ml/min, give 200 mg q12h; dose 400 mg q12h and CrCl≦10 ml/min, give 200 mg q12h; dose 800 mg q4h and CrCl 10-25 ml/min, give q8h; dose 800 mg q4h and CrCl < 10 ml/min, give q12h.

Adverse effect:

Common: injection site phlebitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, agitation, confusion, dizziness, hallucinations, somnolence, serum blood urea nitrogen raised, IV infusion; transient, serum creatinine raised, IV infusion; transient, malaise.

Serious: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (immunocompromised p’ts), confusion, confusion, encephalopathic changes, lethargy, encephalopathic changes, tremor, agitation, hemolytic uremic syndrome, immunocompromised p’ts; some fatal cases.

健保使用規範:

1.使用本類製劑應以下列條件為限:

(1)疱疹性腦炎。

(2)帶狀疱疹或單純性疱疹侵犯三叉神經第一分枝VI皮節,可能危及眼角膜者。

(3)帶狀疱疹或單純性疱疹侵犯薦椎S2皮節,將影響排泄功能者。

(4)免疫機能不全、癌症、器官移植等病患之感染帶狀疱疹或單純性疱疹者。。

(5)新生兒或免疫機能不全患者的水痘感染   。

(6)罹患水痘,合併高燒 (口溫38℃以上) 及肺炎 (需X光顯示) 或腦膜炎,並須住院者。(85/1/1)

(7)帶狀疱疹或單純性疱疹所引起之角膜炎或角膜潰瘍者。

(8)急性視網膜壞死症 (acute retina necrosis)。

(9)帶狀疱疹發疹3日內且感染部位在頭頸部、生殖器周圍之病人,可給予5日內之口服或外用藥品(86/1/1、87/4/1)。

(10)骨髓移植術後病患得依下列規定預防性使用acyclovir: (87/11/1)

A.限接受異體骨髓移植病患。

B.接受高劑量化療或全身放射治療 (TBI) 前一天至移植術後第30天為止。

2.其中Ⅰ與Ⅵ應優先考慮注射劑型的acyclovir。疱疹性腦炎得使用14至21天。(95/6/1、100/7/1)

3.除上述特別規定外,使用療程原則以10天為限,口服、注射劑及外用藥膏擇一使用,不得合併使用。(95/6/1、100/7/1)

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