作者/講者: 張哲誠 醫師
整理: 謝文斌 醫師
校稿: Ian YC Chen, MD
上次校閱: 2018/04/27
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解答:C
The pelvic splanchnic efferent preganglionic nerve cell bodies reside in the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord at the T12-L1 vertebral levels (the spinal cord terminates at the L1-L2 vertebrae with the conus medullaris), and their axons exit the vertebral column as S2-S4 spinal nerves through the sacral foramina.
解答:E
解答:B
解答:B
解答:D
解答:D
解答:A
解答:B
口訣: SNOOPT
S: systemic disease
N: focal neurological sign
(O)Onset: 從來沒這麼痛
(O)Older: age > 50 y/o
P: predisposing factor:
IICP : 躺著比較痛, 睡到痛醒
intracranial hypotesnion: 站著比較痛
T: thunderclap
Excruciating 極難忍受的
解答: D
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
Hypnagogic hallucination
Cataplexy
Abrupt onset of paralysis or weakness of voluntary muscles (partial or all skeletal m., except respiratory m) without change in consciousness
Precipitated by strong emotions
Duration: seconds to minutes
Have clear memory without postictal confusion
NE: paralysis with diffuse hypotonia, absence of DTR, diminished corneal reflex, preserved pupillary response, phasic muscle twitching (most:face, sec to 1 min))
解答:E
解答:E
解答:A
解答:B
因為中國古代盛酒的器皿以金屬、漆製、瓷製為主。瓷器為了美觀，在製作時外層通常會加上彩釉，彩釉中通常含鉛、汞等元素。而金屬酒壺的材質以青銅、錫製為主。古代的冶煉技術還不夠發達，錫並不是純錫，而是錫、鉛的合金，而青銅的主要成分則是红銅（純銅）、錫或鉛的合金，所以鉛在飲酒過程中是可能溶於酒水的。
李白素來有溫酒的習慣，他曾寫「暖酒」詩，「熱暖將來镔（ㄅㄧㄣˉ，精煉的鐵）鐵文，暫時不動聚白雲。撥卻白雲見青天，掇頭裡許便成仙。」詩人的浪漫不羈，明明只是簡單的煮酒、賞雲，卻能有撥雲見青天，快樂似神仙的感觸。不過煮酒、賞雲，或許別有一番情趣，溫酒的加熱過程卻是幫助鉛的釋放，讓後人不禁懷疑傳說中的李白撈月，到底是不是「鉛中毒」後出現幻覺的症狀。
Quotation from “飲水風暴，鉛中毒會怎樣？“
解答:A
解答:B
解答:A
解答:D
解答:E
解答:E
解答:D
解答:E
解答:C
解答:C
解答:C
解答:A
解答:B
解答:E
解答:B
解答:B
Abnormal median nerve sensory nerve action potential (SNAP)/normal sural nerve SNAP (AMNS) was the combination of a normal amplitude of the sural nerve SNAP (>6 μV) and a decreased amplitude of the median nerve SNAP (<9 μV). Extreme AMNS was the combination of an absent median nerve SNAP and a preserved sural nerve SNAP. Nonextreme AMNS occurs in axonal as well as in demyelinating polyneuropathies, but extreme AMNS has been described only in acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies.
解答:D
over-sensitivity to certain frequency and volume ranges of sound
解答:A
解答:B
解答:C
解答:D
